Methodology

Reference battery

1 MW power, 2 MWh storage, 100% round-trip efficiency.

Models

The headline result is All markets. Models use the week’s prices in advance; results are theoretical ceilings.

Markets included in each benchmark model
ModelDay-aheadFCRaFRRmFRR
All markets✓✓✓✓
Without FCR✓—✓✓
Day-ahead + mFRR✓——✓
FCR only—✓——

Weekly results

Monday–Sunday in Estonian local time. Revenue is in €/MW per week. Weekly totals require seven complete days.

Revenue breakdown

Day-ahead revenue is net of grid charges on purchased energy. Reserve revenue includes availability payments and activations.

Sources and revisions

Source: Hephto benchmark service. Provisional weeks may change as recent days are rechecked. Last checked records when the website validated a result. It is not an upstream publication date. During temporary outages, previously validated results are labelled accordingly.